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In two dimensional topologically ordered matter, processes depend on gross topology rather than detailed geometry. Thinking in 2+1 dimensions, particle world lines can be interpreted as knots or links, and the amplitude for certain processes becomes a topological invariant of that link. While sounding rather exotic, such phases of matter not only exist, but have actually been observed in quantum Hall experiments, and could provide a route to building a quantum computer.   Possibilities have also been proposed for creating similar physics in systems ranging from superfluid helium to topological superconductors to semiconductor-superconductor junctions to quantum wires to spin systems to graphene to cold atoms.

Short Bio

Steven Simon is an American theoretical physics professor at Oxford University (since 2009) and professorial fellow of Somerville College, Oxford. From 2000 to 2008 he was the director of theoretical physics research at Bell Laboratories. He was a co-recipient of an international Frontiers of Science Award in 2023.   He is known for his work on topological phases of matter, topological quantum computing, and fractional quantum Hall effect.  He is the author of a popular introductory book on solid state physics entitled "The Oxford Solid State Basics" as well as a more recent book entitled "Topological Quantum"